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Tabriz (Azerbaijani ?????, Persian ?????) is the fourth largest city in Iran and the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. Situated at an altitude of 1,350 meters at the junction of the Quri River and Aji River, it was the second largest city in Iran until the late 1960s, one of its former capitals and residence of the crown prince under the Qajar dynasty. The city has proven extremely influential in the country’s recent history. Tabriz is located in a valley to the north of the long ridge of the volcanic cone of Sahand, south of the Eynali mountain. The valley opens out into a plain that slopes down gently to the northern end of Lake Urmia, 60&_160;km to the west. With cold winters and temperate summers the city is considered as a summer resort. Estimate population of the city is around 1,400,000[1]. Based on results of Iranian census bureau Tabriz is the fourth most populated city in Iran after Tehran, Mashhad, and Esfahan. It is one of the major heavy industries poles of Iran which includes automobile, machine tools, oil and petrochemical, cement and many small industries. [2] With a very rich history, Tabriz once housed many historical monuments. A large number of the monuments were destroyed in repeated invasions and attacks by foreign forces, combined with the negligence of the ruling governments, and natural disasters such as huge earthquakes and floods. However there still a lot of monuments mostly belong to dates back to the Ilkhanid, the Safavid, and the Qajar periods[3][4][5]. According to some sources,[6] including Encyclopædia Britannica,[7] the name Tabriz derives from "tap-riz"from the many thermal springs in the area. Other sources[8][9] claim that in AD 246, to avenge his brother's death, king Khosraw I of Armenia defeated Ardashir I of the Sassanid Empire and changed the name of the city from Shahistan to Tauris, deriving from "ta-vrezh" ("this revenge" in Grabar). In AD 297, it became the capital of Tiridates III, king of Armenia.[10] However, this story has popular origin and no ancient source has recorded such event. This is based on accounts of Vardan, the Armenian historian in 14th century.[11]
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